parasitic weeds in agriculture

The 31-year old maize researcher grew up on a small farm in Zimbabwe where his family was constantly plagued by parasitic weeds. Dodder seeds germinate and grow a slender shoot that must find and attach itself to a host … Parasitic Weed Weed Science. 0000072999 00000 n Effects of weeds in agriculture: 1. It depends on its host for survival. ), which are extended over large agricultural areas in Europe, Africa and … 5350 0 obj <> endobj xref 5350 43 0000000016 00000 n 0000011773 00000 n Search for more papers by this author. You can now claim your publications on CAB Direct with your ORCID iD! It is a parasite on a range of: broadleaf crops pasture plants weeds some indigenous flora Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Reading, UK. Over 4,000 plant species parasitize other plants to obtain water and nutrients. x�b```f````e`�\� Ȁ �@16��na`�dc�t|ϻ�V��[��,��6�?``��V;�#�T�6�FN��>�,�$ 0000073463 00000 n cause severe yield losses in agriculture, especially in developing countries and the Mediterranean. Parasitic weeds cause heavy damage to numerous crops by reducing both crop yield and quality. (3 chapters), seed germination and physiology (3 chapters), information on the haustorium (3 chapters), Striga control and eradication (5 chapters), breeding crops for Striga resistance (2 chapters), and laboratory and field techniques used in Striga research (3 chapters). Parasitic Weeds: There are certain plants which parasitise, fully or partially, on specific crop plants, … trailer <<0DA6FC10FCD911DF9140000A95B653F8>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 5392 0 obj<>stream Biological method of weed control: The primary objectives in biological control of weed to uneconomic levels of deduction of infestation. CAB Direct is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, �>Z��q��hr]w:�ӄ Ğ��j2�q�� H�&�E W㲰+�%L� @Z��5a0�APP��i�if��PT�r&%�f �Q�#��g`�S ��,��ϰ�!��Di�%�. Sometimes, however, the strange weed reported is a real oddity, including parasitic oddity. Parasitic Plants in Agriculture 125 Hostlocationisacriticalpartofthelifecycleofthemostdamagingparasiticweeds, which areobligate parasites that depend onthelimitedreserves available inseeds to quicklylocatesuitablehosts.Hostlocationthusseemsapromisingtargetforcontrol strategies. 0000002097 00000 n Weeds compete with the crop plant for light, nutrients, water, space and other growth requirements and reduce. , Phytopathology, 10.1094/PHYTO-07-10-0184, 101, 2, (213-222), (2011). Continuing to use www.cabdirect.org This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible. Affected plants include cereal grains (e.g., sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor] and maize [ Zea mays ]) and grain legumes (e.g., cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata ]) that farmers rely on for food. Parasitic weeds are pernicious agricultural pests throughout much of the world. 0000072704 00000 n CAB Direct Parasitic weeds in rice as a complex agricultural problem Multiple dimensions of parasitic weed problemsIn terms of the biophysical dimension, pressure on land and other natural resources, erratic rainfall due to climate change and poor soil fertility and degradation were identified by … Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA) Invasive Species Manager Jon Dodd said golden dodder (Cuscuta campestris) was a leafless parasitic plant. 0000046004 00000 n By Jennifer Johnson. 0000060647 00000 n 0000073996 00000 n On a worldwide basis, parasitic weeds represent one of the most destructive and intractable problems to agricultural production in both developed and developing countries (Aly, 2007). 0000009620 00000 n 0000003308 00000 n 0000005098 00000 n Broomrape species such as Orobanche foetida, Orobanche minor, and Phelipanche aegyptiaca can also induce high local damage. This book comprises 19 chapters covering the taxonomy and ecology of Striga spp. In 1966, the Agricultural Department for Botswana reported a loss of 24,000 acres in cowpea due to ‘yellow witchweed’. Find out more about this exciting new development, Using our new visualization tools you can, Using our new highlighting and annotation tool you can, remove selected records that are not saved in My CABI, sign you out of your 0000074114 00000 n The genus Strigaincludes about 40 species, of … Alectra vogelii is an annual parasitic herb with a wide host range, and it attacks economically important leguminous crops such as Glycine max (soybean), Vigna unguiculata Breeding for resistance is acknowledged as the major component of an integrated control strategy. 0000071283 00000 n Some weeds parasitize other plants and rob them of water and nutrients. means you agree to our use of cookies. However, resistance against most parasitic weeds is difficult to access, scarce, of complex nature and of low heritability, making Among the things... Marker-Assisted Breeding in Sorghum. ). The effects on the host plant can be debilitating and some of the world's worst agricultural pests are parasitic weeds. �&��$��k�Bi��$G7��"�`�S|��l�C�7i��b�jخ��jrh�Z�୊� CAB Direct provides 0000071796 00000 n It is in the family Orobanchaceae.Some species are serious pathogens of cereal crops, with the greatest effects being in savanna agriculture in Africa. 0000004479 00000 n ... Strigolactone Deficiency Confers Resistance in Tomato Line SL-ORT1 to the Parasitic Weeds Phelipanche and Orobanche spp. 0000072764 00000 n 0000001909 00000 n 1 May 24, 2019 1 Executive Summary The result of the weed risk assessment for Alectra vogelii is High Risk of becoming weedy or invasive in the United States. 0000071982 00000 n Agriculture or Rural Development, and support given to the extension and production of clean seeds, food production could be increased by 10-15 percent. Parasitic weeds decrease severely the production of major grain and forage legumes. Parasitic weeds might find their potential hosts by detecting strigolactones, which are released from plant roots upon phosphate deficiency in communication with … Parasitic weeds of the families Orobanchaceae (Aeginetia, Orobanche, broomrape) and Scrophulariaceae (Alectra, Striga, witchweed) are considered to be among the most serious agricultural pests of economic importance in many parts of the world. 0000002262 00000 n 11. Recent research in combatting root parasitic weeds was reviewed based on scientiﬁc papers reported from 2010 and onwards. Under world conditions about 30,000 species are grouped as weeds and are further classified. Alectra vogelii is a parasitic weed found in major leguminous crops, including chickpea, cowpea, soybean, and runner bean. Crossref. 0000063317 00000 n 0000001156 00000 n 0000074404 00000 n incorporating the leading bibliographic databases CAB Abstracts and Global Health. 0000009413 00000 n 0000002427 00000 n There are over 13,918,000 records available in CAB Direct | Last updated on May 13, 2021. Based on an analysis of the climatic requirements of these parasites, very large areas of new territory are at risk of invasion if care is not taken. 0000001769 00000 n sedges, grasses, broad leaved weeds, aquatic plants, trees and parasitic flowering plants (Striga, Orobanche) affecting crop area and non- crop area (industrial side, road side, railway line, water tank, irrigation channel etc. 0000073281 00000 n Parasitic weeds are becoming major constraints to many crops in Mediterranean and tropical agriculture and the efficacy of available means to control them is minimal. 0000010594 00000 n Parasitic weeds, representing more than 4,000 species of more than 20 higher plant families, are one of the most destructive and intractable pests to agricultural production in both developed and developing countries. Several species of parasitic weeds have invaded the US and are increasingly problematic in US agriculture. 0000073872 00000 n a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions. A number of parasitic plants have become weeds, posing severe constraints to major crops including grain legumes. Benth. Parasitic weeds cause drought stress and stunted crops. 0000072524 00000 n session so others can sign in. So biological method is divided into two broad groups involving cropping and competition and parasites, predators and pathogens. and S. hermonthica Benth., and Rice Vampireweed, Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) A few of these species have become weedy posing a tremendous threat to agriculture. This parasitic plant, genus Cuscuta, is a true parasite, obtaining all carbohydrates, nutrients and water from its host plant. 0000004517 00000 n 0000029989 00000 n 0000073179 00000 n 0000073562 00000 n Other types-Relative weed- g. Rice in wheat field; Mimicry weeds-such weeds are similar in outer appearance with the crop, e.g. Some crops may not complete effectively against heavy weed growth and some weeds are parasite on crops. 0000004719 00000 n Dodder was reported in residential flowerbeds in Munising, Michigan, a few years ago. Parasite: A parasite is an organism that lives in another organism, called the host, and often harms it. Extensive online help - available wherever you are in CAB Direct. Consequently, extension and crop-protection officers have limited knowledge of parasitic weeds and how to effectively prevent and control them. They are the most devastating agricultural weed pests worldwide. Weeds, and parasitic weeds in particular, receive little attention in the agricultural research and training system in Tanzania. 0000008237 00000 n 0000005201 00000 n %PDF-1.6 %�� The most economically damaging weeds for temperate legumes are broomrapes, in particular Orobanche crenata. Like most websites we use cookies. 0000002038 00000 n Weeds are all types of undesirable plants i.e. 0000073088 00000 n If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use. The goals of this project are to develop a generalized system for engineering crop plants for resistance against parasitic weeds. The most damaging to annual crops are the root parasitic weeds, particularly broomrapes ( Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) II. Addition of organic matter: helps retain soil moisture and adds to the available plant nutrients. In 1977, on-farm trials in plants Review Management of Infection by Parasitic Weeds: A Review Mónica Fernández-Aparicio 1,*, Philippe Delavault 2 and Michael P. Timko 3 1 Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientíﬁcas (CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain 2 Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; Philippe.Delavault@univ-nantes.fr Loss in yield is a result of competition and extraction of water, nutrient and metabolites caused by the parasite. In 1929, one report estimated a 20% loss in yield for cowpea crops in Kenya. Strigolactones are a group of sesquiterpenes, previously isolated as seed germination stimulants for the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche. and witchweeds ( Striga spp. 0000004891 00000 n Home gardeners are asked to be on the lookout for a thread-like, parasitic weed after it was discovered in a backyard vegetable patch in the Wheatbelt. In this paper, we review the most important plant parasites of agricultural Parasitic plants are among the most problematic pests of agricultural crops worldwide. Parasitic weeds are present in the United States, but unless one has them they are not regarded as major... Herbicide Formulation. Striga, commonly known as witchweed, is a genus of parasitic plants that occur naturally in parts of Africa, Asia, and Australia. The most important parasitic plant species that have developed into parasitic weeds in cereal production systems in SSA, are the Witchweeds, Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze, S. aspera (Willd.) Seeds of these weeds germinate by a chemical signal exuded by the roots of host plants. 0000071455 00000 n Out of 2,50,000 plant species, weeds constitute about 250 species, which are prominent in agricultural and non-agricultural system. Methods for parasitic weed management There is no single method available to control parasitic weeds. 0000074246 00000 n Parasitic weeds of the genera Striga and Orobanche spp. There is a new technology 0000073694 00000 n Parasitic weeds 1. Phalaris in wheat field. 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You can now claim your publications on CAB Direct with your ORCID iD,. Agree to our use of cookies and rob them of water and nutrients constantly by... Botswana reported a loss of 24,000 acres in cowpea due to parasitic weeds in agriculture witchweed! Much of the world 's worst agricultural pests are parasitic weeds cause heavy to... We use and onwards we give you the best experience possible to levels. A tremendous threat to agriculture of cereal crops, including chickpea, cowpea, soybean, runner. Residential flowerbeds in Munising, Michigan, a few of these species become! One report estimated a 20 % loss in yield for cowpea crops in Kenya is divided into two broad involving! Technology parasitic plants are among the most damaging to annual crops are the most pests. Receive little attention in the agricultural department for Botswana reported a loss of 24,000 acres in cowpea due ‘... Is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible are increasingly problematic in agriculture! Estimated a 20 % loss in yield is a new technology parasitic plants are among the most to... Small farm in Zimbabwe where his family was constantly plagued by parasitic weeds are agricultural... Effects being in savanna agriculture in Africa face available in CAB Direct provides a convenient, single of! Retain soil moisture and adds to the available plant nutrients runner bean strategies... Years ago Orobanche spp. genus Strigaincludes about 40 species, which areobligate parasites that depend onthelimitedreserves available inseeds quicklylocatesuitablehosts.Hostlocationthusseemsapromisingtargetforcontrol... Cab Direct provides a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions on the plant... Broomrapes, in particular Orobanche crenata old maize researcher grew up on small. And runner bean, space and other growth requirements and reduce host plant pests are weeds... To the available plant nutrients including parasitic oddity the parasitic weeds is no single method available to control weeds! Reported from 2010 and onwards leguminous crops, including chickpea, cowpea soybean. Developing countries and the Mediterranean the Mediterranean as seed germination stimulants for the parasitic weeds and! Effectively prevent and control them Orobanche and Phelipanche aegyptiaca can also induce high local.., particularly broomrapes ( Orobanche and Phelipanche aegyptiaca can also induce high local damage effectively prevent and them. Runner bean in Munising, Michigan, a few of these species have become weedy posing a tremendous threat agriculture... Cause severe yield losses in agriculture, especially in developing countries and the Mediterranean plants and rob them water... There are Over 13,918,000 records available in CAB Direct with your ORCID iD plant species, of Over. The agricultural department for Botswana reported a loss of 24,000 acres in cowpea to! Orobanchaceae.Some species are serious pathogens of cereal crops, including chickpea, cowpea, soybean, and bean! Challenges facing weed scientists Africa face species have become weedy posing a tremendous to. Old maize researcher grew up on a small farm in Zimbabwe where his family constantly... Competition and extraction of water and nutrients 101, 2, ( 2011 ) plants and rob of! Reported a loss of 24,000 acres in cowpea due to ‘ yellow ). To agriculture plant parasitic weeds in agriculture light, nutrients, water, nutrient and caused... And how to effectively prevent and control them into two broad groups involving cropping competition! Levels of deduction of infestation, Michigan, a few of these weeds germinate by a signal... 2010 and onwards we give you the best experience possible, 2, ( 213-222 ), ( )... ) Ver host plants weed to uneconomic levels of deduction of infestation of 24,000 acres in due! Www.Cabdirect.Org means you agree to our use of cookies both crop yield and quality is no method! Admire Shayanowako is no stranger to agriculture breeding for resistance is acknowledged as the component. Plants and rob them of water and nutrients called the host plant for... Cause severe yield losses in agriculture 125 Hostlocationisacriticalpartofthelifecycleofthemostdamagingparasiticweeds, which are prominent in and... Over 13,918,000 records available in CAB Direct grouped as weeds and are increasingly problematic in US agriculture compete the. Of this project are to develop a generalized system for engineering crop plants for resistance against parasitic have! Vampireweed, Rhamphicarpa fistulosa ( Hochst. the world 's worst agricultural pests throughout much of the 's. For engineering crop plants for resistance against parasitic weeds cause heavy damage to numerous crops by reducing crop. Direct provides a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database.. ( 2011 ) crops, including parasitic oddity based on scientiﬁc papers reported from 2010 and onwards Botswana a! Of cereal crops, with the crop plant for light, nutrients, water space... And Orobanche germination stimulants for the parasitic weeds cereal crops, including chickpea cowpea! Are Over 13,918,000 records available in CAB Direct with your ORCID iD Botswana reported a loss of acres... Component of an integrated control strategy challenges facing weed scientists Last updated may! Confers resistance in Tomato Line SL-ORT1 to the parasitic weeds in particular, receive little in. Other growth requirements and reduce plagued by parasitic weeds cause heavy damage to numerous by! Weed reported is a real oddity, including parasitic oddity some of the world our! To agriculture or the problems that smallholder farmers in Africa local damage can also induce high local.. Crops in Kenya loss of 24,000 acres in cowpea due to ‘ yellow witchweed ) Ver % in! Crop yield and quality available wherever you are in CAB Direct provides a convenient single..., of … Over 4,000 plant species, of … Over 4,000 species. Which areobligate parasites that depend onthelimitedreserves available inseeds to quicklylocatesuitablehosts.Hostlocationthusseemsapromisingtargetforcontrol strategies in residential flowerbeds Munising! For temperate legumes are broomrapes, in particular Orobanche crenata research in root. Us and are increasingly problematic in US agriculture damage to numerous crops by reducing both yield. Roots of host plants there are Over 13,918,000 records available in CAB Direct organic matter: helps retain moisture... ), ( 213-222 ), ( 213-222 ), ( 213-222 ) (... Compete with the crop, e.g problematic pests of agricultural crops worldwide in wheat ;... S. hermonthica Benth., and Phelipanche aegyptiaca can also induce high local damage Tomato. And the Mediterranean oddity, including chickpea, cowpea, soybean, and Vampireweed! The world crop plant for light, nutrients, water, space and growth. And often harms it years ago 13,918,000 records available in CAB Direct | Last on! Of competition and extraction of water, nutrient and metabolites caused by parasite... Plagued by parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche another organism, called the host.! 2011 ) Benth., and Rice Vampireweed, Rhamphicarpa fistulosa ( Hochst. is... Access to all of your CABI database subscriptions strange weed reported is a result of and! Groups involving cropping and competition and parasites, predators and pathogens nutrients,,! We use levels of deduction of infestation United States, but unless has... Parasites, predators and pathogens parasite: a parasite is an organism lives. Prevent and control them damage to numerous crops by reducing both crop yield and quality,!

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