Some Christians place too much emphasis on church buildings. But the network of tiny house churches scattered throughout the Roman Empire did experience their oneness in Christ so vividly that they were able to defy and eventually conquer a powerful, pagan civilization. In the early church, it seems that in many ways the house churches were vibrant and successful Christian congregations in carrying forward the Early house churches were able to support qualified widows and elders. Get the best from CT editors, delivered straight to your inbox! Since everything in the New Testament was written to a church that met in someone’s home, the body-life activities set forth as ideal were designed for smaller settings. What is the evidence that persecution was not the only reason the early church met in homes? 4:19; Phm. In this study, Roger Gehring investigates the missional significance of house churches from the time of Jesus through Paul in light of both theological and socio-historical considerations. Congregational Consensus: Each New Testament church had a plurality of clearly identified leaders who led more by example and persuasion rather than command. (The pastor-teachers were thus free to devote themselves to disciple-making, in-depth teaching, and leadership.). Some homeowners have built what appears to be a four-car garage behind their home for the church to meet in. Involvement with a smaller church can be a wonderful blessing with strategic, divinely-designed advantages. Yet God, in his sovereignty, felt that making tents was a good use of Paul’s time. The temptation will be to allow a small church to grow ever larger. Due diligence is needed before spending exorbitant amounts acquiring church buildings that will sit empty most of the week. Our phones are no longer tied to a […] House churches can be simple, wonderful, down-to-earth (yet touching heaven) expressions of new covenant church life. The most common explanation for the existence of early house churches was the pressure of persecution. 2:5–11; Gal. How would the number of people involved affect a church’s ability to have a participatory meeting or to achieve congregational consensus? House Churches: Under the right circumstances, a private home can be the ideal setting for a church meeting. Due diligence is needed before spending exorbitant amounts acquiring church buildings that will sit empty most of the week. Seminary professor Ronald Sider concluded: “The early church was able to defy the decadent values of Roman civilization precisely because it experienced the reality of Christian fellowship in a mighty way…. In the aftermath of the Communist revolution, churches were divided between those that were loyal to the state and others that insisted that the union of church and state hindered the Gospel message and mission. The adoption of these strategies makes a big difference in attracting and retaining people. 4:19; Phm. It will foster spiritual growth. Rooms facing the street were often businesses. Though Scripture never states this, it is possible that churches also met in tenement housing, insula, which were not as large as the Roman villas. [37] John Havlik, People-Centered Evangelism (Nashville: Broadman, 1971), 47. It was not unusual for strangers to be in and out of a home. The overwhelming majority of churches today, however, do not provide the context in which brothers and sisters can encourage, admonish and disciple each other. [45] Bob Roberts, “Multiplication Essentials,” m.exponential.org, accessed August 31, 2016. , co-founder of the Dallas Theological Seminary, opined: “For two or three centuries, Christians met in private houses…. Houston Baptist University professor Peter Davids and German Baptist pastor Siegfried Grossmann offered this studied insight: “The witness of the New Testament is clear: the living space of the church was the house. Discussion Questions The meeting room of the Lullingstone Villa house church in Kent, England (built during the Roman occupation) was approximately 15 feet by 21 feet. Their desire is to be known and to feel connected. NYC Pastors Take to the Streets to Combat NYC Gun Violence, Reading God’s Word like a Poem, Not an Instruction Manual. Already a subscriber? In addition, a wall between adjoining rooms was removed, thus creating a 714-square-foot area. Disciple-making is natural and personal. Large crowds are great for occasional praise concerts, teaching (Mt 4:25-5:1), or evangelism (Acts 5:12-14, 19). No less a Reformation luminary than Martin Luther wrote: “Those … desirous of being Christians in earnest … should … assemble by themselves in some house … those whose conduct was not such as befits Christians could be recognized, reproved … or excommunicated…. These words do not appear in any of the four Gospels. Were smaller congregations merely an incidental fact of history, or were they a purposeful part of the blueprint for effective church ministry? This would have required more than just a handful of believers ( 1Ti 5:3–16 ). Browse 60+ years of magazine archives and web exclusives. Once the leadership is in place, a sizable portion of the original church should be sent out to start another small church. [24] William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (London: John Murray, 1875), 430. [43] Email correspondence between author and South African pastor Chad Hutchinson. They will not be easily achieved in a large auditorium filled with people who are relative strangers. What are the practical advantages and disadvantages of meeting in a home? Once the leadership is in place, a sizable portion of the original church should be sent out to start another small church. The house church enabled the followers of Jesus to have a … [36] Arthur Wallis, The Radical Christian (Rancho Cordova, CA: City Hill Publishing, 1987). [8] Acts 16:40, 20:20; Ro 16:3–5a, 16:23; 1Co 16:19; Col 4:15; Phlm 1–2b; Jam 2:3. Instead, they multiplied, continually training leaders and sending out subgroups to plant new churches. Perhaps the most famous house church movement is the one in China. They were cited by Paul at a pastor’s conference. [42] Bi-vocational ministry was the norm in New Testament times. We must celebrate the multiplication of small churches, and gauge success by multiplication rather than addition. Early Christian women were segregated from the men, yet formed a strong community among themselves with their own ways of celebrating and worshipping. Let us rest in God’s sovereignty. Though Scripture never states this, it is possible that churches also met in tenement housing, insula, which were not as large as the Roman villas. However, the weekly local church gathering is supposed to offer such personalized benefits as mutual edification, accountability, community, and fellowship. [17] “Why Do Newly Planted Churches Grow Faster than Older Churches?” rmdc.org, accessed September 1, 2016. Read More That is something you really try to prevent, and when it happens it is a good time to branch out.”[30] Gladwell concluded: “The size of a group is another one of those subtle contextual factors that can make a big difference…. Others, however, have left the established denominations to form independent house churches. And when a brother or sister fell into sin, the others gently restored the straying person (Mt. Then suddenly at the beginning of the 1980s, five exegetical sociohistorical studies on the topics “family”, “house”, and “house church” in early Christianity [33] However, most small churches do not follow the previously mentioned growth strategies of the ancient church. Some argue that Roman villa-sized churches were characteristic of the church in its infancy. They want to reach people with the Gospel and to see lives transformed. Were smaller congregations merely an incidental fact of history, or were they a purposeful part of the blueprint for effective church ministry? [5] Gaius had a home big enough to host the sizable Corinthian congregation (1Co 1:14; Ro 16:23). “It becomes more like what one imagines early Christian meetings were like,” Taylor said. The Church as Family: The overarching significance of the New Testament church lies in its theology of community. Reproduction should be built into the church’s DNA. [33] However, most small churches do not follow the previously mentioned growth strategies of the ancient church. Having a plurality of elders in a church is unlikely in a setting that is too small ( Acts 14:23 ). [33] “Small Churches Struggle to Grow Because of the People They Attract,” Barna.org, accessed September 01, 2016. It should be designed to hold a relatively small congregation, and the seating arrangement should be flexible. They are linked by the itinerant ministry of their leaders, common hymns and ... To continue reading, subscribe now. It was not unusual for strangers to be in and out of a home. No house beneath the sky is more holy than the place where a Christian lives, and eats, and drinks, and sleeps, and praises the Lord in all that he does, and there is no worship more heavenly than that which is presented by holy families, devoted to the fear of the Lord.”[39] The real issue is, thus, not where a church meets, but where and how it can best do what God requires of it. Until now, the stories of early Christianity have been focused on the men of the church, primarily the apostles going out into the world to spread the good news. What is the evidence that persecution was not the only reason the early church met in homes? The Matthew 18 restoration process detailed by Jesus clearly assumes more people than “us four and no more.” There was a single house church meeting in Corinth; counting the people using their spiritual gifts in 1 Corinthians 14 reveals a surprising number of believers. In keeping with the New Testament example, the ideal size for a congregation might be the number of people who would fit in a first-century Roman villa. The reproduction of new house churches will be hindered because of the critical shortage of qualified leaders (the Holy Spirit did not gift enough pastor-teachers for so many sub-biblical micro churches). [24] William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (London: John Murray, 1875), 430. Apostolic writers used words pertaining to family to describe the church. and a dining area. Because eating together was a major part of early gatherings, the church should have a food preparation area (e.g., sink, long countertop, refrigerator, etc.) However, no significant discipleship occurs. We should commit to being a small church that starts other small churches that start yet other small churches. Indeed, the idea of a church as representing a building is totally alien to the NT.”[35] It is interesting that the New Testament is devoid of any instructions for the construction of special buildings for worship. The overwhelming majority of churches today, however, do not provide the context in which brothers and sisters can encourage, admonish and disciple each other. Another advantage of a church that meets in a home is that the money that would normally have gone toward rent can be used to support a pastor. Small churches have both advantages and disadvantages. [9] William Hendriksen, “Exposition of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans,” New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980), 22. [10] David Watson, I Believe in the Church (Great Britain: Hodder & Stoughton, 1978), 121. Nominal Christianity is harbored in settings where it is easy to get lost in the crowd. There is a need to continually teach the men to be leaders in their homes and the church. The size should be just right: not too big and not too small (neither mega nor micro). [21] The Jerusalem Church had thousands of members who meet at various houses (Acts 5:42). [38] David Knowles, The Monastic Orders in England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1950), 82. J. D. Douglas (Wheaton: Tyndale, 1982), 498. What are we to do with the fact that the early church met mostly in homes? There is extensive archaeological evidence from many cites showing that some homes were structurally modified to hold such churches.”[25] One such modified home that was known to host a church was found in Dura-Europos in modern Syria. When a person or church experienced economic trouble, the others shared without reservation. Having a plurality of elders in a church is unlikely in a setting that is too small (Acts 14:23). H. Griffith Thomas, co-founder of the Dallas Theological Seminary, opined: “For two or three centuries, Christians met in private houses…. Success must also be measured by how many people we send out and release into ministry.”[44] There are 400,000 churches in America with an average size of 100. On the other hand, people with children were often looking for a church that offers an impressive children’s ministry. Thus, it is important to avoid the mistake of thinking too small. There are no evidences of larger places of meeting before 300.”[6] Snyder also stated: “There is no literary evidence nor archaeological indication that any such home was converted into an extant church building. Our idea and God’s idea of the Lord’s work might be different. Thus, they would be the givers of silver and gold to the church rather than the recipients: “I coveted no one’s silver or gold or apparel. Yet God, in his sovereignty, felt that making tents was a good use of Paul’s time. We must celebrate the multiplication of small churches, and gauge success by multiplication rather than addition. The early church, of course, did not always fully live out the New Testament vision of the body of Christ. The Hutterites discovered that with a greater number, people became divided and alienated. Whether this was for a podium is unclear. You yourselves know that these hands ministered to my necessities and to those who were with me. In a typical modern Western house church, no one is qualified to serve as an elder. Hutterite leader Bill Gross opined: “Keeping things under 150 just seems to be the best and most efficient way to manage a group of people…. However, no significant discipleship occurs. The impluvium was tiled, and benches were added around the walls. When one rejoiced, they all rejoiced (1 Cor. The church dare not bracket out daily life from the life of the church. Another advantage of a church that meets in a home is that the money that would normally have gone toward rent can be used to support a pastor. When the New Covenant writers broached this subject, they pointed out that the believers themselves are the temple of the Holy Spirit: living stones that come together to constitute a spiritual house with Jesus Christ as the Chief Cornerstone (1Pe 2:4–5; Eph 2:19–22; 1Co 3:16, 6:19). Lacking both qualified leadership and in-depth teaching, the house church becomes somewhat of a “bless me” club. [30] Ibid., 181. “The antidote to the evangelical obsession with the ‘bigger is better’ model of church organisation. 10).”[11], H. Griffith Thomas, co-founder of the Dallas Theological Seminary, opined: “For two or three centuries, Christians met in private houses…. Seminary professor Ronald Sider concluded: “The early church was able to defy the decadent values of Roman civilization precisely because it experienced the reality of Christian fellowship in a mighty way…. Smaller settings foster the simplicity, intimacy, unity, love, support, and accountability that characterized the early church. There is a need to continually teach the men to be leaders in their homes and the church. There seems little doubt that these informal gatherings of small groups of believers had great influence in preserving the simplicity and purity of early Christianity.”[12]. This would have required more than just a handful of believers (1Ti 5:3–16). We'll be exploring an early Christian house church that was located in city of Dura Europos in modern day Syria, which was part of the Roman Empire in the first centuries CE. Let us rest in God’s sovereignty. Anglican priest and evangelist David Watson stated: “For the first two centuries, the church met in small groups in the homes of its members, apart from special gatherings in public lecture halls or market places, where people could come together in much larger numbers. house church at dura-europos, early 3rd century 1 Richard Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture , Third., The Pelican History of Art (Harmondsworth, Eng and New York: Penguin Books, Participatory worship is better suitable for smaller settings. After the church meetings in the atriums of Roman villas were replaced by meetings in much larger basilicas, participatory worship was replaced with scripted, stage-like performances by professionals. According to the Barna Group’s research, people younger than 35 years are the most likely group to consider attending a small church. Meeting in a smaller setting would have a practical effect on an individual’s church life. Multiplication: Small churches have great potential for growth through multiplication. Meeting in a suitable private dwelling is a good use of scarce financial resources. The early churches meeting in Roman villas typically consisted of scores of people, not hundreds and certainly not thousands. The Matthew 18 restoration process detailed by Jesus clearly assumes more people than “us four and no more.” There was a single house church meeting in Corinth; counting the people using their spiritual gifts in 1 Corinthians 14 reveals a surprising number of believers. Celebrating the Lord’s Supper with the agapé love feast is more natural in a smaller setting. There is extensive archaeological evidence from many cites showing that some homes were structurally modified to hold such churches.”[25] One such modified home that was known to host a church was found in Dura-Europos in modern Syria. [32] Small churches align very much with the size of the apostolic churches that met in Roman villas. Why might the apostles have laid down a purposeful pattern of small churches? Christians will be painted by the media as close-minded, right-wing bigots who are on the wrong side of history. Practicum Sixty percent of all Protestant churches in the United States have fewer than 100 adults attending. [15] Robert Banks, Paul’s Idea of Community: The Early House Churches in Their Historical Setting (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988), 41–42. [17] New leaders should be continually trained to go out to start new churches. The church will become a victim of its own success. Itinerant English Bible teacher Arthur Wallis said: “In the Old Testament, God had a sanctuary for His people; in the New, God has His people as a sanctuary.”[36] Southern Baptist pastor John Havlik offered these penetrating words: “The church is never a place, but always a people; never a fold but always a flock; never a sacred building but always a believing assembly. [16] There are more than fifty of these commands, such as love one another, give preference to one another, encourage one another, agree with one another, accept one another, and submit to one another. Worship was generally conducted in the atrium, or central courtyard of the house.” [4] For example Philemon, who was wealthy enough to own a slave, hosted a church in his home (Phlm 2b). But the network of tiny house churches scattered throughout the Roman Empire did experience their oneness in Christ so vividly that they were able to defy and eventually conquer a powerful, pagan civilization. The church is you who pray, not where you pray. Some distinct practices of those early small churches are worth considering: [14] They did. CTWeekly delivers the best content from ChristianityToday.com to your inbox each week. According to the Barna Group’s research, people younger than 35 years are the most likely group to consider attending a small church. Christianity Today strengthens the church by richly communicating the breadth of the true, good, and beautiful gospel. [20] While it cannot be said with certainty that every church met in a home, it is a fact that when a meeting place is specified in Scripture, it is in a home. (The pastor-teachers were thus free to devote themselves to disciple-making, in-depth teaching, and leadership.) A loving, family-like atmosphere is more easily developed. Where there is a Church in the house, every member strives to increase the other’s comfort, all seek to promote each other’s holiness, each one endeavors to discharge his duty according to the position in which he is placed in that Church.”[3] The impluvium was tiled, and benches were added around the walls. Consequently, Christians are to relate to one another as members of a family (, ). The sisters and brothers were available to each other, liable for each other and accountable to each other. Having too many people in attendance can defeat the purpose of holding a local church meeting. Thus, participatory worship in which each person contributes according to his spiritual gifts is much more intimate and meaningful. [22] By modern standards, this would seat approximately 50 people. The adoption of these strategies makes a big difference in attracting and retaining people. They were not … [3] Charles Spurgeon, “A Pastoral Visit,” ccel.org. The goal is dynamic small churches that start other dynamic small churches that start yet other dynamic small churches. [28] Malcom Gladwell, The Tipping Point (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2002), 179. This can be more difficult to achieve in larger churches. This is money that might be better spent on disciple-making, evangelism, benevolence, or support for pastors and missionaries. House churches in the early church. Such meetings are necessarily relatively impersonal. While I see the people around me as an open field for ministry, so much of my time is consumed in commercial activities that I feel like there is something beyond all this that pulls my mind to it perpetually.”[43] Perhaps solace can be found in Paul’s example. Consequently, Christians are to relate to one another as members of a family (1Ti 5:1–2; Ro 16:13). Outreach is minimal. O vanity of vanities—no, insanity rather than vanity!”[38] The temptation is to enjoy this growth, allowing the original church to become much bigger than a typical church in the apostolic era. What should be done in a situation in which a home is too small to host a church meeting? A hallway between them led into the atrium, at the far end of which was the business office. Outreach is minimal. Perhaps some congregations met in larger buildings; however, this argument is based on assumptions. To religion vanities—no, insanity rather than command for smaller congregations September 1, 2016 much! 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