Western Union Telegraph Company, the dominant firm in the industry, acquired the rights to Stearns’s duplex and hired the noted inventor Thomas Edison to devise as many multiple-transmission methods as possible in order to block competitors from using them. Mable had been deaf since her early childhood years. Though a mediocre student, Bell displayed an uncommon ability to solve problems. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Alexander Graham Bell, best known as the inventor of the telephone, also made other significant contributions to society during his extraordinary life. Alexander Graham Bell was born March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Despite having the patent, Bell did not have a fully functioning instrument. The origin of this effort was the shooting of U.S. President James A. Garfield in July 1881. The Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers were donated to the Library of Congress by his heirs in 1975. In September 1885 the Bell family vacationed in Nova Scotia, Canada, and immediately fell in love with the climate and landscape. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. At the end of July, he began searching for Garfield’s bullet, but to no avail. His mother’s name was Eliza Grace Symonds. Perhaps he was tired of being the third Alexander in the family, sharing this first name with his father and grandfather. Although Alexander Graham Bell is best remembered as the inventor of the telephone, he invented other devices too. He is best known for his invention of the telephone. In the early 1870s, Bell was living and teaching in Boston, America. Before then, Bell in 1871 started working on a device known as the multiple or harmonic telegraph (a telegraph transmission of several messages set to different frequencies) upon moving to Boston. Bell later worked on hydrofoils and set a world speed record for this type of boat. Although Edison had invented the phonograph in 1877, he soon turned his attention to other technologies, especially electric power and lighting, and his machine, which recorded and reproduced sound on a rotating cylinder wrapped in tinfoil, remained an unreliable and cumbersome device. Bell’s … In 1868 Joseph Stearns had invented the duplex, a system that transmitted two messages simultaneously over a single wire. https://www.biography.com/inventor/alexander-graham-bell. Bell's harmonic telegraph receiver (left) and transmitter (right) of 1875. He spent years trying to develop a device to transmit the human voice over electrical wires. The Silver Dart was the first powered aircraft flown in Canada. One of Bell’s pupils was Mabel Hubbard, the daughter … Alexander (“Graham” was not added until he was 11) was born to Alexander Melville Bell and Eliza Grace Symonds. While in the U.S. Bell invented and/or improved a number of electrical technologies. Alexander Graham Bell received numerous tributes during his life, and new awards were subsequently named for him posthumously. After he was awarded his telephone patent, Alexander Graham Bell fought more than 600 lawsuits to keep it, five of which reached the Supreme Court. Surgeons adopted it, and it was credited with saving lives during the Boer War (1899–1902) and World War I (1914–18). By that time, Bell had developed a growing interest in the technology of sound recording and playback. These so-called harmonic telegraphs used reeds or tuning forks that responded to specific acoustic frequencies. In 1865 the family moved to London. His father, who taught deaf people how to speak, invented "Visible Speech". Alexander Graham Bell is one of the most famous inventors to have lived and won many awards, medals and honours for his invention of the telephone. At the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, Bell demonstrated the telephone to the Emperor of Brazil, Dom Pedro, who exclaimed, “My God, it talks!” Other demonstrations followed, each at a greater distance than the last. He eventually relented after both his brothers died of tuberculosis. Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922): Although Alexander Graham Bell achieved worldwide fame as the first person to patent the telephone on March 7, 1876, he was not content with merely revolutionizing human communication. Alexander Graham Bell was born in Scotland. Gardiner Hubbard organized a group that established the Bell Telephone Company in July 1877 to commercialize Bell’s telephone. In August of that year, he was on the receiving end of the first one-way long-distance call, transmitted from Brantford to nearby Paris, Ontario, over a telegraph wire. Alexander Graham Bell, teacher of the deaf, inventor, scientist (born 3 March 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland; died 2 August 1922 near Baddeck, NS). Omissions? Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847–August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and engineer best known for inventing the first practical telephone in 1876, founding the Bell Telephone Company in 1877, and a refinement of Thomas Edison’s phonograph in 1886. He helped form the National Geographic Society. A year later Bell moved to the United States, where he taught speech to deaf students. Article and Speech Files His family was known for teaching people how to speak English clearly (elocution). The group developed several flying machines, including the Silver Dart. Martha Graham is considered by many to be the 20th century's most important dancer and the mother of modern dance. Bell is credited with inventing the telephone; in all, he personally held 18 patents along with 12 he shared with collaborators. He called Thomas Watson from New York City. Bell filed a patent describing his method of transmitting sounds on February 14, 1876, just hours before Gray filed a caveat (a statement of concept) on a similar method. Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. And Bell's mother, Eliza, became an accomplished pianist despite being deaf, inspiring him to undertake big challenges. Mabel had become deaf at age five as a result of a near-fatal bout of scarlet fever. 1. In 1873 British scientist Willoughby Smith discovered that the element selenium, a semiconductor, varied its electrical resistance with the intensity of incident light. Alexander Graham Bell © Bell was a Scottish-born American scientist and inventor, most famous for his pioneering work on the development of the telephone. On July 11, 1877, Bell married Mable Hubbard, a former student and the daughter of Gardiner Hubbard, one of his early financial backers. He continued his experiments even after Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first successful powered, controlled flight in 1903. Alexander Graham Bell, (born March 3, 1847, Edinburgh, Scotland—died August 2, 1922, Beinn Bhreagh, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada), Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and teacher of the deaf whose foremost accomplishments were the invention of the telephone (1876) and the refinement of the phonograph (1886). The Early Years- Born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland- Parents were Alexander Melville Bell & Eliza Grace Symonds Bell Alexander Melville Bell, wife- The second of three sons, Melville James Bell & Edward Charles Bell Eliza, children: Melville James, Alexander Graham,- Alexander Graham Bell’s special relationship with … Between 1873 and 1874, Bell spent long days and nights trying to perfect the harmonic telegraph. He held over 1,000 patents for his inventions. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Given his work on behalf of the deaf … Alexander Graham Bell, (born March 3, 1847, Edinburgh, Scotland—died August 2, 1922, Beinn Bhreagh, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada), Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and teacher of the deaf whose foremost accomplishments were the invention of the telephone (1876) and the refinement of the phonograph (1886). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL 1847 TO 1922 2. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Finally, he and Hubbard worked out an agreement that Bell would devote most of his time to the harmonic telegraph but would continue developing his telephone concept. Improvements were made on the device including the addition of a microphone, invented by Thomas Edison, which eliminated the need to shout into the telephone to be heard. Alexander Graham Bell, the second of three sons of Melville Bell, was born March 3, 1847, m Edinburgh. From harmonic telegraphs transmitting musical tones, it was a short conceptual step for both Bell and Gray to transmit the human voice. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Bell became president of the American Association for the Promotion of the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (which was renamed Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing) in 1890. In 1874 he began working with Thomas Watson, a skilled electrician. Alexander Graham Bell Quotes: Concentrate all your thoughts upon the work at hand. Both of his brothers had middle names, and Alexander pleaded with his father for a middle name as well. The covered end of the drumlike device was attached to the needle. Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor who was first to patent a successful telephone apparatus and later commercializes a domestic telephone network. Upon their return to the United States, Bell was summoned to Washington D.C. to defend his telephone patent from lawsuits. Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on Wednesday, March 3, 1847 (G.I. Bell used his proceeds from the sale to endow the Volta Laboratory. They had four children, Elsie (1878–1964), Marian (1880–1962), and two sons who died in infancy. But during his experiments, he became interested in another idea, transmitting the human voice over wires. Corrections? August 1922 in Baddeck, Kanada) war ein britischer, später US-amerikanischer Audiologe, Erfinder und Großunternehmer.Er gilt als der erste Mensch, der aus der Erfindung des Telefons Kapital geschlagen hat, indem er Ideen seiner Vorgänger zur Marktreife weiterentwickelte. Bell elkötelezte magát a tudomány és a technológia irányában. Bell undertook two other noteworthy research projects at the Volta Laboratory. He refused to have his greatest invention in his study, as he considered it a sidetrack from his real work, which was aiding the deaf. He had two brothers, but both passed away from tuberculosis by the time Bell was 20 years old. Starting in 1891, inspired by the research of American scientist Samuel Pierpont Langley, he experimented with wing shapes and propeller blade designs. Prior to this donation, the papers were on deposit at the National Geographic Society, where they were organized and maintained. Alexander Graham Bell. Alexander Graham Bell is famous for inventing the telephone. After their 1877 wedding, Alexander and Mable traveled to Europe demonstrating the telephone. On March 7, 1876, the Patent Office awarded Bell what is said to be one of the most valuable patents in history. Billy Graham was an evangelist at revival meetings, and on radio and television for over 40 years. Bell was also the inventor of many other electronic devices. Between 1877 and 1886, over 150,000 people in the United States owned telephones. The sun's rays do not burn until brought to a focus. In 1907 Bell founded the Aerial Experiment Association, which made significant progress in aircraft design and control and contributed to the career of pioneer aviator Glenn Hammond Curtiss. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. On one of his trips to North America, Alexander’s father decided it was a healthier environment and decided to move the family there. In any case, Watson heard Bell’s voice through the wire and thus, he received the first telephone call. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell had a controversial interest in eugenics. Alexander Graham Bell’s primary focus was on helping deaf students communicate. Join Facebook to connect with Alexander Graham Bell and others you may know. Bell later shifted his attention to aerial technology. Bell determined that a properly configured induction balance would emit a tone when a metal object was brought into proximity with it. Bell is also one of the founders of Science magazine. He first produced intelligible speech on March 10, 1876, when he summoned his laboratory assistant, Thomas A. Watson, with words that Bell transcribed in his lab notes as “Mr. Bell found Hellen Keller's father the tutor Anne Sullivan; Keller and Bell were later lifelong friends. His grandfather and father were experts on the mechanics of voice and elocution. They called their device the Graphophone and applied for patents, which were granted in 1886. Related Topics. Brought, Burn, Concentrate, Focus, Hand, Rays, Sun, Thoughts, Until, Work, Your. Alexander Graham Bell's sketch of a telephone. See more ideas about alexander graham bell, alexander graham, famous people. He had two brothers, Melville James Bell and Edward Charles Bell, both of whom died from tuberculosis. He found financial backing through local investors Thomas Sanders and Gardiner Hubbard. He supported the journal Science, which later became the official publication of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. It is most likely that both Bell and Gray independently devised their telephone designs as an outgrowth of their work on harmonic telegraphy. Watson—come here—I want to see you.” Over the next few months, Bell continued to refine his instrument to make it suitable for public exhibition. Bell used the prize money to set up his Volta Laboratory, an institution devoted to studying deafness and improving the lives of the deaf, in Washington, D.C. Generation generation). His father, Alexander Melville Bell, was a professor of speech elocution at the University of Edinburgh. The elder Bell encouraged young Alexander and instilled an appreciation for learning and intellectual pursuits. Bell at the opening of the long-distance line from New York to Chicago in 1892 via Wikimedia Commons. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-graham-bell When Bell spoke into the open end of the drumlike device, his voice made the paper and needle vibrate. Alexander Graham Bell c.1918–1919 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bell's life, family and inventions. When he was born, his given name was just Alexander Bell. Alexander Graham Bell is on Facebook. Alexander Graham Bell's most famous invention, the telephone, was the result of his primary career focus: teaching the deaf to speak.Bell had been successful in his work with the hearing-impaired and had instructed a generation of teachers in his methods. Edison’s work culminated in the quadruplex, a system for sending four simultaneous telegraph messages over a single wire. In 1880 he began research on using light as a means to transmit sound. Brought, Burn, Concentrate, Focus, Hand, Rays, Sun, Thoughts, Until, Work, Your. In 1907, Bell formed the Aerial Experiment Association with Glenn Curtiss and several other associates. In January 1915, Bell was invited to make the first transcontinental phone call. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Both of his brothers had middle names, and Alexander pleaded with his father for a middle name as well. Bell, are you going to the Centennial?” might have been the words history remembered as the first spoken over Bell’s magneto telephone that … With Alec McCowen, Francesca Annis, John Phillips, John Woodnutt. The first telephone had two parts: a transmitter and a receiver. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. There he also devoted himself to improving the phonograph. Bell’s diversion frustrated his benefactors, and Thomas Watson, a skilled electrician, was hired to refocus Bell on the harmonic telegraph. Bell, however, was more interested in transmitting the human voice. Alexander Graham Bell, AIEE President, 1891 - 1892, most known for his invention of the telephone in 1876. Despite Garfield’s death in September, Bell later successfully demonstrated the probe to a group of doctors. For now the concept was protected, but the device still had to be developed. He was able to demonstrate that the photophone was technologically feasible, but it did not develop into a commercially viable product. The following year, Bell bought 50 acres of land near the village of Baddeck on Cape Breton Island and began constructing an estate he called Beinn Bhreagh, Scots Gaelic for “Beautiful Mountain.” The Scottish-born inventor had been an American citizen since 1882, but the Canadian estate became the family’s summer retreat and later permanent home. Then in 1887 they sold their patents to the American Graphophone Company, which later evolved into the Columbia Phonograph Company. The vertical “hill-and-dale” groove, as played by a Columbia Graphophone, c. 1902. Fun Facts about Alexander Graham Bell Bell made the first transcontinental telephone call on January 15, 1915. From New York, he spoke with his former associate Watson in San Francisco. At first, Alexander resisted, for he was establishing himself in London. Alexander received his middle name as an 11th birthday present. James A. Garfield in July 1881, Bell teamed up with professor Simon Newcomb of the U.S. Nautical Almanac Office to develop an electrical bullet probe. He was the founder of the Bell Telephone Company. Even during the patent battles, the company grew. Bell was born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland. However, the question of priority of invention between the two has been controversial from the very beginning. From his mother, he inherited musical talent and a keen musical ear. Born in Edinburgh Scotland, on March third, 1847, he did all his studies in Europe going to a private high school, Edinburgh Royal High School. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Graham-Bell, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Alexander Graham Bell, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Biography of Alexander Graham Bell, Undiscovered Scotland - Biography of Alexander Graham Bell, Alexander Graham Bell - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Alexander Graham Bell - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), telephone: Alexander Graham Bell's sketch of a telephone, Thomas A. Watson describing invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell and the New York City–Chicago telephone link, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Facebook gives people the power … While pursuing his teaching profession, Bell also began researching methods to transmit several telegraph messages simultaneously over a single wire—a major focus of telegraph innovation at the time and one that ultimately led to Bell’s invention of the telephone. He first became interested in the science of sound because both his mother and wife were deaf. On March 10, 1876, after years of work, Bell perfected his most well-known invention, the telephone, and made his first telephone call. Born March 3, 1847 (Edinburgh, Scotland) Died August 2, 1922 (Nova Scotia, Canada)Inventor. Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on March 3, 1847. In June he demonstrated his telephone to the judges of the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, a test witnessed by Brazil’s Emperor Pedro II and the celebrated Scottish physicist Sir William Thomson. Alexander Graham Bell is generally considered second only to Thomas Alva Edison among 19th- and 20th-century inventors. With this success, Bell began to promote the telephone in a series of public demonstrations. In 1876, Bell and Watson were finally successful. At age 12, while playing with a friend in a grain mill, he noticed the slow process of husking the wheat grain. However, he did not complete his studies, because in 1870 the Bell family moved again, this time immigrating to Canada after the deaths of Bell’s younger brother Edward in 1867 and older brother Melville in 1870, both of tuberculosis. Suitable for teaching 5-11s. Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born American inventor and scientist. After the shooting of U.S. Pres. By all accounts, Bell was not a sharp businessman and by 1880 began to turn business matters over to Hubbard and others so he could pursue a wide range of inventions and intellectual pursuits. These laboratory notebooks, dated 1910 and 1891-1893, are representative of the more than 200 volumes of laboratory notebooks compiled by Alexander Graham Bell from 1879 to 1922. Alexander Graham Bell (3 March 1847 - 2 August 1922) was an eminent scientist, inventor and innovator. In addition to this groundbreaking legacy, Bell was also a teacher, a speech therapist, and a special agent of the U.S Census Bureau. Teacher. He succeeded his father-in-law, Gardiner Hubbard, as president of the National Geographic Society (1898–1903). Throughout his life, Bell sought to foster the advance of scientific knowledge. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876. Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born scientist and inventor best known for inventing the first working telephone in 1876 and founding the Bell Telephone Company in 1877. 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